- pyroclastic flow
- lahar
- pumice
- lava flows
- The two greatest threats to humans from volcanic eruptions are pyroclastic flows and lahars.
- Other volcanic threats include lava flows, ash, gas emission, landslides, and tsunamis.
- Volcanoes have many positive benefits including extremely fertile soil, geothermal energy, industrial applications, and recreation and tourism.
- Scientists have had some success at predicting the general likelihood of eruption using such indicators as seismic behavior, ground deformation, gas composition, and past history of volcanic behavior.